Object Oriented programming using python

If a language support object oriented way of programming it means that a large problem can be divided into smaller ones and then we can combine them to get the target output.
It means by using OOP's (Object Oriented Programming) we can achieve the solution of large and complex problems in easier way as compared to procedural programming.
The main features of object oriented programming are

• Classes and objects
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
• Abstraction

Classes and Objects:

• If we are creating a class, it means that we are actually creating a new datatype.
• We can encapsulate(bind) data members, and functions (methods) into a single unit which is called class.
• Basically class is identified by some name.
• Class represent a blueprint of the object(real world entity).
• int, float, complex, list, tuple, set, dict are all examples of predefined classes in Python.
• Object represent the instant of class.
• By defining a class, we are not actually consuming any memory. Memory will be consume when objects of that class are made, means object consumes memory.
• We can create any number of objects of a single class.
• A simple script is given below for defining and creating object of the class.

 class M1:
    s=10
    def fun1():
        print("This is function of class")

print(M1.s) # M1 is class object
M1.fun1()
o1=M1()   #We are creating a new object and o1 will referring it
print(o1.s)
o1.fun1() # Error Come here

The output of this script is:
10
This is function of class
10
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/Desktop/p1.py", line 10, in <module>
    o1.fun1()
TypeError: fun1() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given 

Have a look on the above script and try to understand the flow of the program. Don't worry why error is coming, we will understand it later.